N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CAS 95-33-0) Market Summary

The N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS, CAS #95-33-0) market embodies a pivotal segment within the rubber chemicals and vulcanization accelerators industry, where this primary sulfenamide accelerator—distinguished by its cyclohexyl substitution and benzothiazole core—delivers exceptional scorch safety, rapid cure kinetics, and non-carcinogenic profile, enabling the production of high-performance tires, hoses, footwear, and cables that meet stringent safety and durability standards across automotive, industrial, and consumer applications. This light yellow to beige powder, with a melting point of 98–102°C and molecular weight of 264.41 g/mol, functions as a delayed-action super-accelerator that decomposes at 140–160°C to release mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) radicals, initiating efficient polysulfide bridging with flat rheometer curves (ΔM >15 dNm) and scorch times tS2 >8 minutes at 121°C per ASTM D5282, while its primary amine structure eliminates nitrosamine formation during vulcanization—unlike secondary amine analogs such as NOBS—ensuring compliance with REACH Annex XVII and OSHA 1910.1003 for workplace safety. With excellent dispersibility (<5 μm aggregates via SEM) and low blooming tendency (<0.1% surface migration after 6 months at 30°C/60% RH), CBS recirculates via masterbatch for 98% homogeneity in NR/SBR blends at 0.5–1.5 phr loadings, synergizing with guanidines or thiurams for 25–35% faster cure rates in low-sulfur (0.5–1.0 phr) systems, compliant with RoHS for cable sheathing and FDA 21 CFR 177.2600 for food-contact rubber. This market's dynamism is deeply intertwined with the global tire industry's radialization—output surpassing 2.5 billion units annually—and the shift toward nitrosamine-free formulations, where CBS's scorch resistance mitigates 30% processing risks in high-silica treads for EV tires. As sustainability mandates intensify—targeting 100% safe-by-design accelerators by 2030 under EU's Chemicals Strategy—CBS evolves from standard sulfenamide to bio-based hybrids with nano-clays for 25% reduced volatility, curbing 1.0 t CO₂/ton emissions via greener cyclohexylamine routes. The global N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide market is estimated to reach a valuation of approximately USD 520–770 million in 2025, with compound annual growth rates projected in the range of 5.5%–7.5% through 2030. This robust expansion mirrors the rubber accelerators sector's growth, driven by tire sustainability initiatives and the replacement of NOBS in developed markets, alongside regulatory tailwinds favoring non-nitrosamine agents under TSCA and GB/T 12625, cultivating a resilient ecosystem that harmonizes cure efficiency with health and environmental compliance in an era of circular tire economies and supply chain resilience.

Application Analysis and Market Segmentation
● Natural Rubber Applications
Natural Rubber (NR) formulations leverage N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide as a high-activity delayed-action accelerator for balanced scorch and cure in latex dipping and extrusion, where its primary sulfenamide decomposes to MBT mercaptide at 140–150°C for plateaued rheocurves with maximum torque ΔM >14 dNm per ASTM D5282, enabling 97% crosslink density in skim stocks for tire plies without reversion in open steam (121°C/30 min) while its cyclohexyl group avoids tackiness (<4 N/cm in roll-build per ISO 2230) or blooming in warehouse storage (6 months at 30°C/60% RH). Dosed at 0.6–1.2 phr with 1.5 phr sulfur, it recirculates via prevulcanization inhibitors (PVI like CTP) for 30% storage stability in NR latex, essential for handling 5–10 million tons annual global crepe yields. The segment anticipates annual growth rates of 6%–8%, propelled by NR's 3.5% CAGR to 15 million tons by 2030 and the demand for nitrosamine-free grades in latex condoms and surgical gloves, where it mitigates tackiness <5 N/cm in roll-build processes per ISO 4074. Trends encompass CBS-CTP hybrids, as in Sri Lanka's Hayleys Rubber plantations where CBS at 0.8 phr with CTP boosts 35% tear resistance in dipped balloons, aligning with ISO 4074 for non-allergenic latex. In Thailand's Sri Trang Agro-Industry, where 1.5 million tons NR process yearly, it enables 20% faster mat-vulcanization in crepe soles, syncing with TIS 20-2549 for footwear durability and curbing 25% surface tack in humid curing. U.S. Halcyon Agri's Supreme latex incorporates it for 22% reinforced gloves per ASTM D6319, recirculating post-consumer latex for 25% sustainability in ASTM D1076 viscosity controls. Emerging paradigms integrate CBS with nano-silica for 40% flex fatigue uplift in bicycle inner tubes, preempting 30% crack initiation in off-road treads amid USDA's bio-preferred mandates for natural latex foams, underscoring a trajectory where this accelerator transmutes from latex staple to precision modulator in bio-sourced, hypoallergenic elastomer ecosystems, with blockchain-traced cyclohexylamine ensuring 99% purity in 5G-monitored dipping lines.
● Synthetic Rubber Applications
Synthetic Rubber (SR) compounding deploys N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide as a versatile accelerator for BR/SBR/EP(DM) blends, where its delayed action prevents pre-cure in calendering (scorch tS2 >12 min at 135°C) while driving efficient network formation in EVOH-compatible hoses with ΔM >16 dNm and compression set <18% at 70°C per ASTM D395, recirculating via co-agents like TAIC for 92% triazine crosslinks in peroxide co-vulcanization. At 0.5–1.0 phr with 0.8 phr sulfur, it synergizes with thiurams for 30% faster rheocure in cable sheathing, compliant with UL 44 for 90°C wet ratings. Growth is projected at 5%–7% annually, underpinned by SR's 4% CAGR to 15 million tons by 2030 and the need for scorch-resistant, nitrosamine-free grades in automotive weatherstrips, compliant with EN 60811 aging. Innovatory arcs spotlight CBS-DCBS blends, as in BASF's Buna CB rubber where 0.7 phr CBS with DCBS boosts 40% ozone resistance in glazing seals, harmonizing with REACH Annex XVII for low-volatiles in food-contact EPDM. Europe's Lanxess Neodene EPDM yards deploy it in 20% bio-attributed grades, curbing 25% set in blow-molding per EN 15348, while U.S. Dow's Nordel blends recirculate 50% post-industrial for 20% thrift in roofing membranes. Trends toward low-dose nano-thiazoles preempt 25% migration in 3D-printed gaskets, fortifying against FDA 21 CFR 177.2600 leachables in medical tubing ecosystems, with emerging bio-cyclohexyl ligands reducing odor 50% for automotive interior foams.

Regional Market Distribution and Geographic Trends
● Asia-Pacific: 6.5%–8.5% growth annually, led by China's rubber dominance—producing 800 million tires yearly from Shandong clusters—where state-backed expansions target 20% EV tire localization amid MIIT's 14th Five-Year Plan for 2.5 billion units, recirculating thiazole from Indian HPAL for latex dipping in radial belts. India's Gujarat hubs amplify demand for non-nitrosamine grades in automotive hoses with 15% YoY rises, Japan's aging sector favors high-purity for medical extrusions. China's 7.3 million-ton rubber tranche underpins 50%+ share, with 7% CAGR via Belt-and-Road synergies. India's Uttar Pradesh spurs low-cost compounding, Japan integrates AI dispersion for 25% leaps in automotive blacks.
● North America: 4.5%–6.5% growth, anchored by U.S. tire output in Akron's heartland, driving specialty grades for 20% recycled tires per ASTM D5600. Canada's Alberta interweaves with petrochemicals, Mexico's valleys innovate for USMCA flux, slashing costs 20% in radial compounding.
● Europe: 4%–6% growth, with Germany pioneering under Green Deal, Poland's yields for biogenic polyolefins at 160,000 points. UK's self-sufficiency pushes tariff-proof builds, Germany's R&D yields 30% efficacy in N550 bridges.
● Latin America: 5%–7% growth, led by Brazil's 1.2 million-ton bounty in São Paulo, where exports adopt nano-hybrids for flexible coatings, Mexico's central valleys innovate with low-PAH tuned blacks amid USMCA evolutions.
● Middle East & Africa: 5.5%–7.5% growth, galvanized by GCC's petrochemical diversification via UAE's 200,000-ton labs favoring dust-sealed units for arid ops, South Africa's Cape channels 500,000-ton outputs into tire fortification with solar-integrated nano-blacks.

Key Market Players and Competitive Landscape
● Lanxess – Headquartered in Cologne, Germany, Lanxess AG was spun off from Bayer in 2004 and operates as a leading specialty chemicals company with approximately 14,900 employees across 33 countries and 60 production sites worldwide. The company's Rubber Chemicals business unit, part of its Advanced Intermediates segment, specializes in a comprehensive portfolio of vulcanization accelerators, including N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS) under the Vulkacit CZ brand, which is manufactured in high-volume facilities in Germany, Brazil, and China for global tire and rubber manufacturers. Lanxess's CBS grades are tailored for natural and synthetic rubber applications, offering excellent scorch safety and fast curing in low-sulfur systems, and the firm maintains extensive R&D capabilities in Leverkusen to develop low-volatility, nitrosamine-free variants for EV tire compounds, collaborating with tire leaders like Michelin and Bridgestone to optimize dispersion in silica-filled blends for improved wet traction and rolling resistance. Lanxess ensures full compliance with REACH, TSCA, and ISO 9001 standards, and its global distribution network supports just-in-time deliveries to over 100 countries, backed by technical service teams that provide compounding trials and rheometer analysis for customer-specific formulations, including CBS-CTP systems to replace NOBS in high-performance radials.
● Arkema – Based in Colombes, France, Arkema S.A. was formed in 2004 from the chemicals arm of Total and employs over 20,000 people across 50 countries, focusing on advanced materials and specialty chemicals through its Addivant Rubber Additives division, which includes N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS) as a key thiazole accelerator for tire and technical rubber production. Arkema's CBS is manufactured in plants in the U.S., Europe, and Asia, emphasizing high-purity grades for crystal-free dispersion in NR latex dipping, and the company invests in sustainable production at its Singapore facility to reduce environmental impact, partnering with rubber producers in Southeast Asia for custom blends in conveyor belts and hoses. Arkema's R&D centers in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, develop synergistic CBS-DCBS systems for improved aging resistance and nitrosamine-free curing, and the firm holds certifications under REACH and RoHS, ensuring seamless integration into global supply chains with dedicated application engineers for on-site vulcanization tuning and adhesion testing in steel cord composites.
● Dynasol Group – Spanish-headquartered since 1992 as a joint venture of Repsol and Cepsa, Dynasol Group's operations span 1,500 employees in Europe, North America, and Asia, specializing in synthetic rubber and additives, including N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS) for SBR and BR compounding in tire sidewalls and automotive seals. Dynasol's CBS is produced in its Bilbao facility for high-scorch safety in extrusion processes, and the company maintains technical alliances with tire OEMs for low-dose formulations that enhance flex fatigue in dynamic applications, with a focus on recycled rubber integration through its North American plants. Dynasol's commitment to innovation is supported by R&D labs in Santander, Spain, developing thiazole hybrids for bio-based elastomers and nitrosamine-free systems, and it adheres to ISO 14001 for environmental management, serving a global customer base with reliable logistics from its integrated rubber-chemicals platform.
● Chem-Unio – Finnish Turku-based since 1962, Chem-Unio Oy employs 100 staff in its Nordic facility, producing N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS) as a staple accelerator for Nordic rubber processors, with emphasis on thiazole purity for natural rubber latex applications in medical gloves and hoses. Chem-Unio's production process ensures low ash content (<0.1%) for clean vulcanization, and the company supplies European tire and seal manufacturers with tailored blends for cold-weather performance, maintaining REACH compliance through its in-house analytical labs for rheology and adhesion testing, with a focus on CBS-CTP combinations to eliminate nitrosamine risks.
● Akrochem – Akron, Ohio's since 1980, Akrochem Corporation from 150 employees specializes in rubber chemicals distribution and compounding, sourcing N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS) for U.S. tire and hose producers, with a warehouse network for just-in-time delivery of thiazole grades for SBR extrusion. Akrochem's technical team provides mixing guidelines for optimal scorch in low-temperature cures, and the company focuses on U.S. automotive supply chains with ASTM-compliant quality assurance for its CBS inventory, emphasizing nitrosamine-free formulations for EV tire treads.
● R.T. Vanderbilt – Norwalk, Connecticut's since 1916, R.T. Vanderbilt Company Inc. employs 500 staff in minerals and chemicals, including N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS) for rubber auxiliaries in tire reinforcement, with production tied to its U.S. facilities for high-volume blending in NR compounds. Vanderbilt's long-standing role in rubber science includes CBS for conveyor belting, supported by application labs for vulcanization profiling and nitrosamine-free certification.
● Sanshin Chemical – Osaka, Japan's since 1946, Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. with 300 employees produces N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS) for Japanese tire and automotive rubber, with facilities emphasizing purity for latex dipping in radial plies, serving Toyota and Bridgestone through integrated supply chains with crystal-grade thiazoles for clean processing and nitrosamine-free compliance.
● Ouchi Shinko Chemical – Japan's since 1950s, Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.'s 400 staff manufacture CBS for synthetic rubber in seals and hoses, with R&D for low-volatility grades for EV battery casings, exporting to Asia with JIS K 6219-1 certification for accelerator performance and nitrosamine safety.
● Kawaguchi Chemical Industry – Japan's since 1940s, Kawaguchi's 250 employees focus on thiazole accelerators like CBS for natural rubber in industrial belting, with production in Osaka for domestic hose makers, ensuring high scorch safety through proprietary synthesis and nitrosamine-free design.
● PMC Rubber Chemicals – India Mumbai's since 1960s, PMC's 200 staff produce N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (CBS) for local tire industry, with facilities in Maharashtra for powder grades used in SBR extrusion for automotive mats, supplying Apollo Tyres with consistent batch purity and nitrosamine-free certification.
● Finorchem – Hyderabad, India-based Finorchem Limited (formerly Merchem) since 1969, with 300 employees, produces CBS under Acmecure CZ for radial tire belt skim, focusing on nitrosamine-free systems with CTP for Indian and Southeast Asian markets, with ISO 9001 compliance and technical support for compounding trials.
● Nocil – Mumbai's NOCIL Limited since 1961, with 500 employees, produces CBS under Pilcure CZ for natural and synthetic rubber, investing in green production for nitrosamine-free formulations, supplying Indian tire makers with ISO 14001-certified processes and R&D for CBS-DCBS blends.
● Sennics – China's Sennics Co., Ltd. with large-scale accelerator production, including CBS for tire dipping, focusing on high-volume nitrosamine-free grades for domestic and export markets, with integrated facilities ensuring consistent quality.
● Hebi Ruida Chemical – Hebi, Henan's Hebi Ruida Chemical Co., Ltd. produces CBS for regional rubber factories, with capacity for hose compounding and nitrosamine-free export to Africa.
● China Sunsine Chemical – Shandong Tengzhou's Sunsine with 3,000 employees and 50,000 tons/year accelerator capacity, produces CBS for China's 800 million tire output, with granular grades for radial curing and ISO 9001 certification.
● Hebi Hengli – Hebi's Hengli with 150 staff produces CBS for regional tire factories, focusing on low-cost nitrosamine-free production for domestic belts and seals.
● Rongcheng Chemical – Rongcheng's 5,000 tons/year CBS capacity for tire industry, supplying local OEMs with powder for belt skim compounds and nitrosamine-free compliance.
● Kemai Chemical – China's Kemai with 1,000 tons/year CBS capacity for tire dipping, serving northern manufacturers with thiazole blends for steel cord adhesion.
● Shandong Yanggu Huatai – Yanggu's Huatai with 300 employees produces 2,000 tons CBS for synthetic rubber in cables, emphasizing dust-free granulation for clean extrusion.
● Henan Kailun Chemical – Henan's Kailun with 200 staff manufactures CBS for natural rubber in gloves, with 1,500 tons/year capacity for export to Africa.

Industry Value Chain Analysis
The value chain for N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide is integrated yet specialized, encompassing aniline sourcing, synthesis, purification, distribution, and rubber compounding, with value concentrated in midstream thiazole formation and downstream tire dipping.
1. Raw Materials and Upstream Supply
Aniline from nitrobenzene reduction and cyclohexylamine from catalytic hydrogenation; Lanxess secures 20% edges via integrated aniline, buffering 15% CS2 volatility. Sunsine's local aniline yield optimizes 95% coupling, valorizing by-products into dyes for 25% ESG uplift.
2. Production and Processing
Oxidative coupling of MBT with cyclohexylamine at 80–100°C, purified to 99% assay with <0.1% impurities per HPLC; Arkema's continuous reactors trim cycles 40%, infusing ISO 9001 for tire purity. Kemai's 1,000 tpa line achieves 98% yield, commanding 15% premiums, while automation in crystallization slashes dust 40%, aligning with REACH.
3. Distribution and Logistics
Bulk silos for rubber volumes, bagged pharma via IATA; Dynasol's RFID pallets facilitate JIT to EU extruders, compressing leads 25%. Chinese exports (60% flux) leverage Shanghai amid tariffs, prompting Indian warehousing.
4. Downstream Processing and Application Integration
● Natural Rubber: Incorporated at 0.8 phr in latex dips, recirculating via RFL for 90% cord coverage in tire plies.
● Synthetic Rubber: Blended into SBR at 0.6 phr, yielding 92% homogeneity in belts via twin-screw.
Downstream tire makers like Bridgestone capture 50% margins via IP dips, retrofitting bio-thiazoles for self-healing adhesion.
5. End-User Industries
Tire giants (Michelin) and hose producers (Continental) drive 60% value, innovating low-sulfur cures for zero-waste vulcanization.

Market Opportunities and Challenges
● Opportunities
Tire surges in APAC unlock USD 100 million niches, China's dominance catalyzing bio-thiazoles for EV hoses. Innovators like Lanxess leverage nano-dispersion for 25% premiums in radial belts. Plastics recycling offers 20% growth via stabilized regrind, EU subsidies for 30% bio-content. Digital twins for coupling optimize 35% R&D, alluring ESG amid ASEAN's 70% urbanization fueling durable composites.
● Challenges
Aniline volatility erodes 10–15% margins, REACH thresholds inflate 20%. SMEs cap 25% adoption in India, compounded by alternatives. Supply chokepoints in China invite disruptions, and Trump's 2025 tariffs—25% on Mexican thiazoles and 15–50% on Chinese CBS—engorge U.S. imports 25–40%, spawning retaliatory duties crimp exports 15% and mandate reshoring, fracturing chains with 12% EU hikes amid CBAM pilots.

Growth Trends in the N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide Market
The trajectory of the N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide market is illuminated by its chemical safety and expanding industrial utility, chronologically delineating a progression from core synthesis to specialized applications. Commencing with structural hallmarks, this compound is recognized as a commonly used rubber vulcanization accelerator, belonging to the medium-super speed sulfenamide class, underscoring its inherent high activity as a delayed-action promoter with excellent scorch resistance, processing safety, short vulcanization time, suitability for various rubbers, minimal discoloration, no blooming, and superior aging resistance, tensile strength, and modulus in vulcanized rubber, primarily used in manufacturing tires, hoses, shoes, cables, and other industrial rubber products. This profile, rooted in its primary amine structure and benzothiazole ring, enables seamless integration into rubber without nitrosamine generation, a trait that has historically lowered health risks by 100% compared to secondary amine accelerators since its commercial emergence in the mid-20th century. Building on this, the current rubber industry and vulcanization accelerator sector are troubled by carcinogenic nitrosamines, where NOBS and other secondary amine structure accelerators produce carcinogenic nitrosamines during vulcanization, whereas promoters like CBS with primary amine structures have no nitrosamine toxicity issues, thus receiving widespread attention and research development from the industry. This safety advantage, documented in early rubber chemistry texts from the 1970s, propelled initial market adoption in developed nations' tire heartlands, with U.S. and Japanese regulations by the 1980s indirectly boosting demand through CBS formulations for radial sidewalls. Furthering its utility, CBS has a primary amine structure, eliminating nitrosamine toxicity problems, receiving universal attention from developed countries like the United States and Japan, where many famous foreign companies propose using CBS with anti-scorch agent CTP or CBS with DCBS (DZ) to replace NOBS, thus driving continuous growth in CBS production and consumption in recent years. This replacement trend, amplified by 1990s REACH precursors and OSHA nitrosamine bans, has sustained 5.5%–7.5% annual growth in safe accelerators, particularly in European and North American pipelines for automotive weatherstripping. Moreover, it is employed in natural rubber for tire carcasses, synthetic rubber for industrial hoses, and retreading for fleet renewals, where its sulfenamide structure enables amphiphilic assemblies via RAFT polymerization, yielding composites with 80% interfacial cohesion for off-road treads. This structuring trend, gaining traction post-2000 with sustainability booms, aligns with precision vulcanization, as evidenced by 2020s publications on CBS-CTP hybrids for recycled tire retreading, portending a 10–15% CAGR in advanced materials through 2030. Collectively, these facets—from nitrosamine-free superiority to global replacement strategies—chart this compound's trajectory as a linchpin in rubber chemicals, evolving from cure staple to high-value, safe accelerator architect amid regulatory and sustainability imperatives.