Application Evolution Managed Service Market Insights 2026, Analysis and Forecast to 2031
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Market Overview and Industry Context
The global Application Evolution Managed Service market represents a pivotal shift in the information technology sector, moving beyond traditional application maintenance and support toward a model of continuous improvement, modernization, and value generation. In an era where software is the primary driver of competitive advantage, organizations can no longer afford to let applications remain static. Application Evolution Managed Services encompass a strategic approach where third-party providers do not merely keep the lights on but actively evolve software assets through re-platforming, re-factoring, cloud migration, and the integration of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. This market addresses the critical need for enterprises to dismantle monolithic legacy systems and transition toward agile, microservices-based architectures that can respond rapidly to market changes.
The industry is currently fueled by the dual pressures of technological debt and digital transformation. As businesses accumulated software assets over the past decades, they incurred significant technical debt—code that is difficult to maintain, secure, and scale. Application Evolution Managed Services provide the expertise and tooling necessary to pay down this debt while simultaneously introducing new features. The service model typically integrates DevOps practices, Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment pipelines, and site reliability engineering principles to ensure that stability does not come at the expense of velocity. Furthermore, the rise of cloud-native computing has made these services indispensable, as simply lifting and shifting legacy applications to the cloud often fails to unlock the full economic and operational benefits of elastic infrastructure.
According to market assessments for the forecast period, the Application Evolution Managed Service market is poised for robust expansion. For the year 2026, the market size is estimated to be valued between 10.9 billion USD and 19.6 billion USD. This valuation reflects the aggregating demand from industries ranging from banking and healthcare to manufacturing and retail. Looking further ahead, the market is anticipated to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 6.9% to 11.3% through 2031. This growth trajectory is underpinned by the increasing complexity of IT environments and the chronic shortage of specialized talent capable of managing hybrid and multi-cloud application estates.
Regional Market Analysis
The adoption of Application Evolution Managed Services varies significantly across global regions, influenced by the maturity of digital infrastructure, economic conditions, and the legacy IT footprint of local enterprises.
● North America
North America is estimated to hold the largest market share, likely accounting for a significant portion of global revenue. The region is characterized by a high concentration of early adopters of cloud technologies and a massive installed base of legacy enterprise software in need of modernization. The United States is the primary driver, with Fortune 500 companies actively engaging managed service providers to accelerate their move to cloud-native architectures. The presence of major hyperscalers and global system integrators in this region facilitates rapid service delivery. Furthermore, the tight labor market for software engineers in the U.S. compels companies to outsource application evolution to ensure they have access to top-tier DevOps and modernization talent.
● Europe
Europe represents a highly sophisticated market with a strong emphasis on regulatory compliance, data sovereignty, and industrial digitalization. Countries such as the UK, Germany, and the Nordics are leading adopters. The European market is distinct due to the General Data Protection Regulation and other localized data laws, which drive the need for application modernization strategies that ensure data stays within specific borders (sovereign cloud). The region's manufacturing sector (Industry 4.0) is also a major consumer of these services, requiring the evolution of legacy operational technology applications to integrate with modern IT systems.
● Asia-Pacific
The Asia-Pacific region is projected to experience the highest growth rate during the forecast period. This dynamic is driven by rapid digitalization in economies such as India, Mainland China, and Southeast Asia. The region is home to a mix of mature markets like Japan and Australia, which are dealing with aging IT systems, and emerging markets that are leapfrogging directly to cloud-native applications. Taiwan, China plays a critical role in the high-tech supply chain, and its manufacturing giants are increasingly adopting managed services to modernize their production planning and supply chain management software. The proliferation of mobile-first consumer behaviors in Asia also pushes enterprises to continuously evolve their customer-facing applications.
● Middle East and Africa (MEA)
The MEA region is witnessing a surge in demand driven by government-led diversification mandates, such as Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and the UAE’s digital initiatives. These programs are funding large-scale digital transformation projects that require the modernization of public sector and banking applications. While the current market base is smaller compared to North America, the growth potential is significant as the region invests heavily in building a non-oil digital economy.
● South America
South America serves a dual role as a growing consumer of managed services and a key delivery hub for nearshore services to North America. Brazil and Mexico are the largest domestic markets, where financial services and retail sectors are driving the demand for app modernization to compete with fintech disruptors. The region is increasingly adopting agile methodologies, and service providers are expanding their local presence to support regional enterprise clients.
Application and Segmentation Analysis
The market is segmented based on the size of the organization, as the drivers and requirements for application evolution differ markedly between Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and Large Enterprises.
● Large Enterprise
Large enterprises constitute the dominant revenue segment for Application Evolution Managed Services. These organizations typically possess complex, heterogeneous IT landscapes characterized by a mix of mainframes, on-premise servers, and multi-cloud environments. The primary driver for large enterprises is the management of complexity and the mitigation of risk associated with modernizing mission-critical systems. Services for this segment often involve multi-year roadmaps including application portfolio rationalization, refactoring monolithic core business systems (such as ERP or core banking), and implementing enterprise-wide governance for cloud usage. The focus is often on Technology Business Management to align IT spend with business value, a trend highlighted by recent M&A activity in the sector.
● Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)
SMEs represent a rapidly growing segment. Unlike large enterprises, SMEs often lack the internal resources to maintain a dedicated DevOps or modernization team. They turn to managed service providers to gain access to enterprise-grade capabilities without the overhead. For SMEs, the focus is on agility and scalability. Application evolution services allow them to pivot their business models quickly, integrate with third-party SaaS platforms, and leverage cloud elasticity to compete with larger rivals. The adoption of low-code/no-code platforms managed by external partners is also a prevalent trend within this demographic, enabling rapid application development and evolution at a lower cost.
Industry Value Chain Analysis
The value chain for Application Evolution Managed Services creates a symbiotic ecosystem involving infrastructure providers, tool vendors, and service integrators.
At the foundation are the Cloud Infrastructure and Platform Providers (Hyperscalers). Companies providing the raw compute, storage, and serverless capabilities form the substrate upon which applications are evolved. Their continuous release of new services (e.g., managed databases, AI APIs) dictates the pace of potential application evolution.
The next layer consists of Tooling and Platform Vendors. This includes providers of CI/CD tools, container orchestration platforms (like Kubernetes), and observability suites. These tools are the instruments used by managed service providers to execute modernization strategies.
The core of the value chain is the Managed Service Providers (MSPs) and System Integrators (SIs). This is where the companies listed in the key market players operate. They aggregate the infrastructure and tools, adding human intelligence, strategic methodology, and industry-specific expertise. Their value add lies in the "Service" aspect—taking responsibility for the roadmap, code quality, security, and uptime of the application.
Finally, the End Clients (SMEs and Large Enterprises) consume these services to achieve business outcomes such as faster time-to-market, improved customer experience, and operational efficiency.
Key Market Players and Company Developments
The competitive landscape is diverse, featuring global consulting giants, cloud-native boutiques, and specialized technology firms.
● PwC
PricewaterhouseCoopers leverages its deep industry consulting roots to offer application evolution services that are tightly aligned with business transformation strategy. Their approach often begins with the business case for modernization, ensuring that technical evolution drives tangible financial or operational improvements.
● Deloitte
Deloitte acts as a massive orchestration engine for digital transformation. Their application modernization practice is renowned for its breadth, covering everything from mainframe migration to cloud-native development. They utilize a vast ecosystem of alliances to deliver comprehensive managed services to Fortune Global 500 clients.
● Accenture
Accenture is a dominant force in this market, combining massive scale with deep technical expertise. On August 1, 2025, Accenture agreed to acquire Maryville Consulting Group, a U.S. firm specializing in Technology Business Management and product-driven growth. This acquisition underscores Accenture's strategy to not just manage technology, but to align IT investments strictly with business outcomes, enhancing their ability to guide clients through complex application reinventions.
● Mphasis
Mphasis brings a strong engineering DNA to the market, particularly in the financial services sector. Their "Front2Back" transformation approach focuses on modernizing the core systems to enable better digital experiences at the front end, making them a key player for banking and insurance clients.
● Nordcloud
As a cloud-native leader (an IBM company), Nordcloud specializes in helping companies born in the cloud or moving there aggressively. Their expertise lies in public cloud platforms (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud), offering managed services that focus heavily on automation, FinOps, and leveraging cloud-native features rather than just hosting.
● Thoughtworks
Thoughtworks is synonymous with software engineering excellence and agile capabilities. In the application evolution space, they are often brought in for the most complex problem-solving scenarios where off-the-shelf solutions fail. They focus on custom modernization, domain-driven design, and helping clients build internal engineering culture alongside the technical evolution.
● Columbus Global
Columbus Global focuses heavily on digital transformation for industries such as manufacturing, food, and retail. Their application evolution services are often centered around the Microsoft ecosystem (Dynamics 365), helping clients evolve their ERP and CRM landscapes to be more data-driven and cloud-connected.
● SmartDev
SmartDev typically positions itself as an agile offshore/nearshore development partner. They offer managed services that provide cost-effective access to high-quality developers who can take over the lifecycle management of applications, focusing on continuous delivery and iteration for SMEs and mid-market companies.
● Riseup Labs
Riseup Labs serves as a technology partner for next-generation application development. Their services often encompass mobile app evolution, AR/VR integration, and web platform modernization, catering to clients looking to integrate emerging tech into their existing digital products.
● Evolution Managed IT Services
As the name suggests, this provider focuses specifically on the managed services aspect of IT evolution. They likely cater to the mid-market, offering comprehensive infrastructure and application management that ensures security, stability, and gradual modernization without disrupting business continuity.
● Kellton
Kellton is a digital transformation enabler that helps clients modernization their digital core. Their application evolution services cover the full lifecycle, from legacy migration to the development of microservices architectures. They have a strong presence in the energy, utilities, and retail sectors.
● Accelalpha
Accelalpha is a specialist primarily known for its expertise in the Oracle ecosystem. Their application evolution services are critical for enterprises relying on Oracle Cloud applications, helping them optimize, extend, and manage these complex suites to get the most value out of their ERP and SCM investments.
● Synoptek
Synoptek operates as a global systems integrator and managed IT services provider. They offer a "consult-build-manage" model. In the context of application evolution, they focus on rationalizing the application portfolio of mid-enterprise clients and managing the transition from legacy systems to modern cloud platforms.
● msg Plaut
Focusing largely on the Central European market, msg Plaut provides IT consulting and system integration. Their services in application evolution are deeply rooted in the SAP ecosystem and financial services industry, helping clients navigate the complex migration to SAP S/4HANA and cloud-based financial solutions.
Recent Industry Developments
The market is characterized by strategic partnerships and acquisitions aimed at bolstering capabilities. On January 27, 2026, LevelBlue announced a strategic partnership with Fortra to integrate best-in-class security solutions with managed services. While LevelBlue is security-focused, this highlights the broader trend where managed service providers must integrate robust security (DevSecOps) into the application evolution lifecycle. Furthermore, on January 07, 2026, Gexcon acquired Evolution Risk Assurance. This acquisition expands software solution portfolios in the industrial sector, demonstrating how application evolution providers are increasingly merging with specialized software vendors to offer vertical-specific integrated tools for operational control and risk management.
Market Opportunities
The Application Evolution Managed Service market presents numerous avenues for value creation and expansion.
● Generative AI Integration
The most significant opportunity lies in the integration of Generative AI (GenAI) into the software development lifecycle. Service providers can utilize GenAI to accelerate code refactoring, automate the generation of unit tests, and document legacy codebases that have lost their original developers. Offering "AI-driven Modernization" is becoming a key differentiator, promising to reduce the time and cost of modernization projects significantly.
● FinOps and Cloud Cost Optimization
As organizations move applications to the cloud, they often face "bill shock." There is a massive opportunity for managed service providers to offer FinOps as a core component of application evolution. By re-architecting applications to be more efficient (e.g., using serverless functions that only charge when running), providers can demonstrate direct ROI to clients, making the service self-funding.
● Sovereign Cloud Services in Europe
With tightening data privacy regulations in the EU, there is a growing opportunity for service providers who can specialize in "Sovereign Cloud" application evolution. This involves architecting applications that strictly adhere to data residency laws while still leveraging the benefits of modern cloud scalability, a niche that generalist global providers may struggle to fill without specialized local focus.
● Low-Code/No-Code Governance
As LCNC platforms proliferate, enterprises face the risk of "shadow IT." Managed service providers have the opportunity to step in and manage these environments. By establishing governance frameworks and evolving these citizen-developed apps into enterprise-grade solutions, providers can tap into a new revenue stream that sits between traditional IT and business units.
Market Challenges
Despite the positive outlook, the market faces several structural and operational challenges.
● Talent Shortage and Skill Gaps
The primary constraint on growth is the scarcity of talent. Application evolution requires a rare combination of skills: understanding legacy languages (like COBOL for mainframes) and modern cloud-native technologies (like Kubernetes and Go). Finding architects who can bridge this gap is difficult and expensive, squeezing the margins of service providers.
● Complexity of Technical Debt
In many large enterprises, the "spaghetti code" of legacy systems is so complex that even assessing the scope of modernization is a challenge. Service providers often face scope creep where a simple migration turns into a massive re-engineering project due to undocumented dependencies, leading to project delays and friction with clients.
● Cultural Resistance to Change
Application evolution is not just technical; it is cultural. Moving from a waterfall release cycle to a DevOps continuous delivery model requires a shift in mindset. Service providers often struggle with client internal teams that are resistant to new ways of working, hindering the successful adoption of the evolved applications.
● Security Vulnerabilities during Transition
The process of refactoring and migrating applications exposes them to security risks. Moving data from secure on-premise silos to cloud environments opens new attack vectors. Ensuring that security is "shifted left" and integrated into every step of the evolution process is a major challenge, as evidenced by the increasing focus on partnerships like that of LevelBlue and Fortra to combat evolving threats.
1.1 Study Scope 1
1.2 Research Methodology 2
1.2.1 Data Sources 2
1.2.2 Assumptions 4
1.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms 6
Chapter 2 Executive Summary 7
2.1 Market Growth Analysis (2021-2031) 7
2.2 Regional and Segment Overview 9
Chapter 3 Market Dynamics and Strategic Trends 11
3.1 Key Market Drivers: Shift from Legacy to Cloud-Native 11
3.2 Market Challenges: Skill Gaps and Integration Complexity 13
3.3 Technology Trends: AI-driven Refactoring and Microservices 15
3.4 Impact of Regulatory Compliance on Managed Services 18
Chapter 4 Value Chain and Service Lifecycle Analysis 21
4.1 Value Chain Overview 21
4.2 Upstream: DevOps Tooling and Cloud Platforms 23
4.3 Downstream: Industry-specific Implementation 25
Chapter 5 Global Application Evolution Managed Service Market by Service Type 28
5.1 Application Modernization and Refactoring 28
5.2 Cloud Migration and Optimization 30
5.3 Continuous Evolution and DevOps as a Service 32
5.4 Legacy System Maintenance and Support 34
Chapter 6 Global Application Evolution Managed Service Market by Application 37
6.1 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) 37
6.2 Large Enterprises 40
Chapter 7 Global Application Evolution Managed Service Market by Region 43
7.1 North America 43
7.1.1 United States 45
7.1.2 Canada 47
7.2 Europe 49
7.2.1 United Kingdom 51
7.2.2 Germany 53
7.2.3 France 55
7.3 Asia-Pacific 57
7.3.1 China 59
7.3.2 Japan 61
7.3.3 South Korea 63
7.3.4 Taiwan (China) 65
7.3.5 Southeast Asia 67
7.4 LAMEA 69
7.4.1 Brazil 71
7.4.2 Saudi Arabia 73
Chapter 8 Competitive Analysis 75
8.1 Global Market Concentration Ratio 75
8.2 Key Strategic Moves: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Partnerships 77
Chapter 9 Key Market Players Analysis 80
9.1 PwC 80
9.1.1 Company Introduction 80
9.1.2 SWOT Analysis 81
9.1.3 PwC AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 82
9.1.4 Global Digital Transformation Strategy 83
9.2 Mphasis 85
9.2.1 Company Introduction 85
9.2.2 SWOT Analysis 86
9.2.3 Mphasis AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 87
9.3 SmartDev 89
9.3.1 Company Introduction 89
9.3.2 SWOT Analysis 90
9.3.3 SmartDev AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 91
9.4 Deloitte 93
9.4.1 Company Introduction 93
9.4.2 SWOT Analysis 94
9.4.3 Deloitte AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 95
9.5 Riseup Labs 97
9.5.1 Company Introduction 97
9.5.2 SWOT Analysis 98
9.5.3 Riseup Labs AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 99
9.6 Nordcloud 101
9.6.1 Company Introduction 101
9.6.2 SWOT Analysis 102
9.6.3 Nordcloud AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 103
9.7 Columbus Global 105
9.7.1 Company Introduction 105
9.7.2 SWOT Analysis 106
9.7.3 Columbus Global AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 107
9.8 Accenture 109
9.8.1 Company Introduction 109
9.8.2 SWOT Analysis 110
9.8.3 Accenture AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 111
9.9 Evolution Managed IT Services 113
9.9.1 Company Introduction 113
9.9.2 SWOT Analysis 114
9.9.3 Evolution AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 115
9.10 Thoughtworks 117
9.10.1 Company Introduction 117
9.10.2 SWOT Analysis 118
9.10.3 Thoughtworks AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 119
9.11 Kellton 121
9.11.1 Company Introduction 121
9.11.2 SWOT Analysis 122
9.11.3 Kellton AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 123
9.12 Accelalpha 125
9.12.1 Company Introduction 125
9.12.2 SWOT Analysis 126
9.12.3 Accelalpha AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 127
9.13 Synoptek 129
9.13.1 Company Introduction 129
9.13.2 SWOT Analysis 130
9.13.3 Synoptek AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 131
9.14 msg Plaut 133
9.14.1 Company Introduction 133
9.14.2 SWOT Analysis 134
9.14.3 msg Plaut AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 135
Chapter 10 Global Market Forecast (2027-2031) 137
10.1 Forecast by Service Type 137
10.2 Forecast by Application 139
10.3 Regional Growth Projections 141
Chapter 11 Research Findings and Conclusion 144
Table 2. Key Industry Standards for Application Lifecycle Management 19
Table 3. Global AEMS Revenue by Service Type (2021-2026) (USD Million) 29
Table 4. Global AEMS Revenue by Application (2021-2026) (USD Million) 38
Table 5. North America AEMS Market Size by Country (2021-2026) (USD Million) 44
Table 6. Europe AEMS Market Size by Country (2021-2026) (USD Million) 50
Table 7. Asia-Pacific AEMS Market Size by Country (2021-2026) (USD Million) 58
Table 8. PwC AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 82
Table 9. Mphasis AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 87
Table 10. SmartDev AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 91
Table 11. Deloitte AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 95
Table 12. Riseup Labs AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 99
Table 13. Nordcloud AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 103
Table 14. Columbus Global AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 107
Table 15. Accenture AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 111
Table 16. Evolution AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 115
Table 17. Thoughtworks AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 119
Table 18. Kellton AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 123
Table 19. Accelalpha AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 127
Table 20. Synoptek AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 131
Table 21. msg Plaut AEMS Revenue, Cost and Gross Profit Margin (2021-2026) 135
Table 22. Global AEMS Forecasted Revenue by Type (2027-2031) (USD Million) 138
Table 23. Global AEMS Forecasted Revenue by Application (2027-2031) (USD Million) 140
Figure 1. Research Methodology Process 3
Figure 2. Global AEMS Market Growth Forecast (2021-2031) 9
Figure 3. Value Chain Analysis of Application Evolution Services 22
Figure 4. Global Market Share of AEMS by Application in 2026 41
Figure 5. Asia-Pacific AEMS Market Share by Country in 2026 59
Figure 6. Global Competitive Ranking by Market Share in 2026 76
Figure 7. PwC AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 84
Figure 8. Mphasis AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 88
Figure 9. SmartDev AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 92
Figure 10. Deloitte AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 96
Figure 11. Riseup Labs AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 100
Figure 12. Nordcloud AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 104
Figure 13. Columbus Global AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 108
Figure 14. Accenture AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 112
Figure 15. Evolution AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 116
Figure 16. Thoughtworks AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 120
Figure 17. Kellton AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 124
Figure 18. Accelalpha AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 128
Figure 19. Synoptek AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 132
Figure 20. msg Plaut AEMS Market Share (2021-2026) 136
Research Methodology
- Market Estimated Methodology:
Bottom-up & top-down approach, supply & demand approach are the most important method which is used by HDIN Research to estimate the market size.

1)Top-down & Bottom-up Approach
Top-down approach uses a general market size figure and determines the percentage that the objective market represents.

Bottom-up approach size the objective market by collecting the sub-segment information.

2)Supply & Demand Approach
Supply approach is based on assessments of the size of each competitor supplying the objective market.
Demand approach combine end-user data within a market to estimate the objective market size. It is sometimes referred to as bottom-up approach.

- Forecasting Methodology
- Numerous factors impacting the market trend are considered for forecast model:
- New technology and application in the future;
- New project planned/under contraction;
- Global and regional underlying economic growth;
- Threatens of substitute products;
- Industry expert opinion;
- Policy and Society implication.
- Analysis Tools
1)PEST Analysis
PEST Analysis is a simple and widely used tool that helps our client analyze the Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Technological changes in their business environment.

- Benefits of a PEST analysis:
- It helps you to spot business opportunities, and it gives you advanced warning of significant threats.
- It reveals the direction of change within your business environment. This helps you shape what you’re doing, so that you work with change, rather than against it.
- It helps you avoid starting projects that are likely to fail, for reasons beyond your control.
- It can help you break free of unconscious assumptions when you enter a new country, region, or market; because it helps you develop an objective view of this new environment.
2)Porter’s Five Force Model Analysis
The Porter’s Five Force Model is a tool that can be used to analyze the opportunities and overall competitive advantage. The five forces that can assist in determining the competitive intensity and potential attractiveness within a specific area.
- Threat of New Entrants: Profitable industries that yield high returns will attract new firms.
- Threat of Substitutes: A substitute product uses a different technology to try to solve the same economic need.
- Bargaining Power of Customers: the ability of customers to put the firm under pressure, which also affects the customer's sensitivity to price changes.
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Suppliers of raw materials, components, labor, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the firm when there are few substitutes.
- Competitive Rivalry: For most industries the intensity of competitive rivalry is the major determinant of the competitiveness of the industry.

3)Value Chain Analysis
Value chain analysis is a tool to identify activities, within and around the firm and relating these activities to an assessment of competitive strength. Value chain can be analyzed by primary activities and supportive activities. Primary activities include: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing & sales, service. Support activities include: technology development, human resource management, management, finance, legal, planning.

4)SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis is a tool used to evaluate a company's competitive position by identifying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The strengths and weakness is the inner factor; the opportunities and threats are the external factor. By analyzing the inner and external factors, the analysis can provide the detail information of the position of a player and the characteristics of the industry.

- Strengths describe what the player excels at and separates it from the competition
- Weaknesses stop the player from performing at its optimum level.
- Opportunities refer to favorable external factors that the player can use to give it a competitive advantage.
- Threats refer to factors that have the potential to harm the player.
- Data Sources
| Primary Sources | Secondary Sources |
|---|---|
| Face to face/Phone Interviews with market participants, such as: Manufactures; Distributors; End-users; Experts. Online Survey |
Government/International Organization Data: Annual Report/Presentation/Fact Book Internet Source Information Industry Association Data Free/Purchased Database Market Research Report Book/Journal/News |